A filling replaces tooth tissue lost to decay or fracture. The aim is not just to close the hole; it is to give the tooth back its shape, its chewing function and its strength.
Composite (white) filling
The most widely used type of filling today. The tooth-coloured, resin-based material is placed layer by layer and set with a blue light.
- It is tooth-coloured and can be used on front and back teeth.
- It bonds chemically to the tooth; so only the decayed tissue is removed and the healthy tissue is kept.
- It is completed in a single visit.
- Over time it can stain slightly with tea, coffee and smoking; this can be corrected by polishing.
Porcelain filling (inlay, onlay)
Fillings made outside the mouth and bonded to the tooth, used when a lot of tooth has been lost. They are made to fit the missing part of the tooth exactly.
- For large defects they are stronger than composite and keep their shape for a long time.
- They do not stain.
- Less tooth tissue is removed than for a crown.
- Because of the impression and manufacturing stage they usually take two visits.
Amalgam (grey) filling
The metal filling used on back teeth for many years. Although durable, it is grey and, because it does not bond to the tooth, more healthy tissue has to be removed. Today it has largely given way to tooth-coloured fillings.
If the amalgam fillings in your mouth are sound and sealed, they do not need replacing because of their colour alone. They are renewed if there is a fracture, crack or decay at the edge.
How is a filling done?
- DiagnosisThe depth of the decay is established by examination and, if needed, an X-ray.
- AnaesthesiaIf the decay is deep the tooth is numbed; for shallow decay this may not be needed.
- Removing the decayThe decayed tissue is removed and the healthy tissue is preserved.
- Placing the fillingThe tooth is isolated from moisture; the composite is placed in layers and set with light.
- Shaping and polishingThe bite is checked, high spots are adjusted and the surface is polished.
After a filling
- Do not eat until the numbness has gone.
- A composite filling sets straight away; once the numbness has gone you can chew on that side.
- Sensitivity to cold and heat for a few days is normal.
- If the filling feels high, do not tell yourself you will get used to it; a few minutes' adjustment solves it.
- If there is pain on biting or a lingering ache, come for a check-up.
How long does a filling last?
The life of a filling depends on its size, the position of the tooth, oral care and any clenching habit. Well-cared-for fillings last for many years. Fillings fail most often at their edges; at six-monthly check-ups the fit of the edges and any decay underneath are assessed.
When a filling is not enough
If the decay has reached the nerve of the tooth, root canal treatment is needed first. If most of the tooth has been lost, a crown is recommended instead of a filling, because very large fillings can lead to the tooth fracturing.
Frequently asked questions
Do white fillings last on back teeth?
Yes. Today's composites are hard enough to withstand chewing forces on back teeth. If a great deal of tooth has been lost, a porcelain filling or a crown is more suitable.
What should I do if a filling falls out?
Keep the tooth clean, do not chew hard things on that side and make an appointment soon. An exposed tooth decays quickly and can fracture.
Is having a filling painful?
For deep decay the tooth is numbed, so no pain is felt during the procedure. For shallow decay there is often no need for an anaesthetic at all.
This article is for general information and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment. If you have a complaint, please see your dentist.