Zirconia is a white, durable ceramic that has taken the place of metal in dentistry. It is often chosen, especially for front teeth, because of its natural look.
What is a zirconia crown?
A crown is a restoration that covers the tooth like a cap and gives it back its shape, colour and strength. In zirconia crowns the framework is made of zirconium oxide instead of metal. This framework is either used in one piece (monolithic) or layered with porcelain.
How does it differ from porcelain fused to metal?
- Light transmission: Metal does not let light through, so the crown can look flat and lifeless. Zirconia transmits light more like a natural tooth.
- The gum line: With metal-based crowns a grey line can appear at the gum over time. This does not happen with zirconia.
- Tissue compatibility: Zirconia contains no metal, so it can also be used for people with metal allergies.
- Strength: Both withstand chewing forces. Porcelain fused to metal is still a reliable option for long bridges.
When is it used?
- On teeth with large fillings or a lot of lost tooth substance
- On root-filled teeth at risk of fracture
- On broken or worn teeth
- For severe discolouration that whitening cannot lighten
- To replace missing teeth with a bridge
- For implant-supported prostheses
A crown requires healthy tooth tissue to be reduced, and that cannot be undone. For healthy teeth where the only complaint is colour or slight shape, whitening, orthodontics or options that remove less tissue should be considered first.
How is it made?
- Examination and planningThe teeth, gums and bite are assessed. If needed, fillings, root canal and gum treatment are completed first.
- Preparing the teethUnder local anaesthesia the teeth are reduced to the shape the crown will fit over.
- Impression and temporary teethAn impression or digital scan is taken; temporary teeth are fitted until the permanent crowns are ready.
- Try-inThe fit of the framework, and then the colour and shape, are checked in the mouth. Feel free to say what you would like at this stage.
- CementingAfter your approval the crowns are cemented permanently and the bite is checked.
The process depends on the number of teeth; it is usually completed in around a week.
How long does it last?
Well-cared-for crowns are used for many years. The main things that shorten their life are decay at the edge of the crown, gum disease and clenching. So:
- Brush twice a day and clean crown edges and under bridges with an interdental brush.
- Do not crack hard shells with your teeth or use your teeth as tools.
- If you clench your teeth, wear a night guard.
- Come for a check-up every six months.
For other prosthetic options see our dental prosthetics page.
Frequently asked questions
Are teeth reduced a lot for a zirconia crown?
As with any crown, a certain amount of tissue is removed around the tooth. The amount depends on the position of the tooth and the material chosen; your dentist aims for the least reduction possible.
Do zirconia crowns change colour over time?
Zirconia and porcelain surfaces do not take up stain. A difference noticed over time usually comes from the neighbouring natural teeth darkening or the gum receding.
Can a crowned tooth hurt?
On vital teeth there may be sensitivity to hot and cold for a few days after the procedure, and it usually passes. If pain lasts or comes on biting, come for a check-up.
This article is for general information and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment. If you have a complaint, please see your dentist.